Hail forms when strong thunderstorm updrafts support growing ice particles in regions where supercooled liquid water is present. Ice can collect additional water and freeze in layers before falling as hailstones.
Why supercooled water matters
Water droplets can remain liquid below the normal freezing point. When they collide with an ice embryo, the water can freeze onto it and increase its size.
The role of the updraft
Powerful rising air currents can keep hailstones suspended or move them through growth regions. Larger particles eventually fall when the combined forces no longer support them.
Why layers may appear
Alternating dry and wet growth conditions can create different ice textures inside a hailstone. The layers do not necessarily mean the stone repeatedly traveled from the ground to the top of the storm.
Safety in hail
Large hail can injure people and damage vehicles or roofs. Seek sturdy indoor shelter and stay away from windows when severe thunderstorms approach.
Frequently asked question
Does all hail need a tornado?
No. Hail can occur in strong thunderstorms without any tornado.
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